Inleiding

Vi' har resa genom hostinglayern , middleware pipelinen, , och routering system, M SK3 Nu kommer vi till applikationslayern, —, där din företagslogi bor,., ASP, MSC6, NET Core erbjuder tre primära programmeringsmodeller för att bygga webbapplikationer.

1. MVC (Modell-SkattM SK2Kontrollern~) - Ett strukturerat mönster för att bygga komplexa webbapplikationer och API
2. Razor-sidor - En modell baserad på en sida, -, som förenklar webbgränssnittet
3. Minimala APIs - En lätt metod för att bygga HTTP APIs med minimal ceremoni

Varje modell sitter på samma maršruterings- och slutpunktinfrastruktur som vi utforskade i del 4, men de ger olika utvecklare-upplevelser och är optimerade för olika scenarion.

NOTET: Det här är en del av mina experiment med AI ♫ / ♫ ett sätt att spendera ♫$1000 ♫ Kaludkod webbkrediter ♫ . ♫ Jag ♫' ♫ har matat in det här med en massa papper ♫ , ♫ mitt förståelse ♫ SMK6 ♫ frågor jag var tvungen att skapa den här artikeln ♫ MVK7 ♫ Den ♫ SKK8 ♫ är roligt och fyller ett hål som jag inte sett ♫ SVK9 ♫ nån annanstans fyllt ♫

Application Model Spectrum

graph LR
    A[Minimal APIs] --> B[Razor Pages] --> C[MVC]



    note1[Lightweight<br/>Simple APIs]
    note2[Page-focused<br/>Web UI]
    note3[Full-featured<br/>Complex apps]

    A -.-> note1
    B -.-> note2
    C -.-> note3

När man ska använda var och en

• Minimala APIs: Mikrotjänster
• Razor-sidor: sida - fokuserade webbapplikationer , CRUD-operationer M SK3 Formular
• MVC: komplexa webbapplikationer , APIs med komplext nätverkande , tillämpningar som kräver tydlig separation av åtaganden

Alla tre delar samma banor men skiljer sig i hur de organiserar kod och hanterar begäran.

Minimala APIs: Den lightweight-metoden

Minimala APIs introducerades i .NET | 6 | för att förenkla API-utveckling |. | De minskar ceremonin och boilerplatet | МSK3 | och gör det snabbare att bygga HTTP-APIs

Grundstrukturen

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Add services
builder.Services.AddSingleton<IDataService, DataService>();

var app = builder.Build();

// Define endpoints
app.MapGet("/", () => "Hello World!");

app.MapGet("/users/{id}", (int id) => new User(id, "John Doe"));

app.MapPost("/users", (User user) =>
{
    // Save user
    return Results.Created($"/users/{user.Id}", user);
});

app.Run();

record User(int Id, string Name);

begäran om processströmning

sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant Routing
    participant Binding as Parameter Binding
    participant Filter as Endpoint Filters
    participant Handler as Route Handler
    participant Result as Result Execution

    Client->>Routing: HTTP Request
    Routing->>Routing: Match route pattern
    Routing->>Binding: Extract parameters

    Note over Binding: Bind from:<br/>- Route values<br/>- Query string<br/>- Headers<br/>- Body<br/>- Services

    Binding->>Filter: Execute filters (if any)

    Filter->>Handler: Invoke handler delegate

    Note over Handler: Execute your code

    Handler->>Result: Return IResult or object

    Result->>Result: Execute result<br/>(JSON, file, redirect, etc.)

    Result->>Client: HTTP Response

Parameterbinding i detalj

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddSingleton<IEmailService, EmailService>();
var app = builder.Build();

// Simple types from route
app.MapGet("/users/{id}", (int id) =>
    new { userId = id });

// Multiple sources
app.MapGet("/search",
    (string q,                                    // From query string
     int page = 1,                               // From query string with default
     [FromHeader(Name = "X-API-Key")] string apiKey,  // From header
     [FromServices] IEmailService emailService)  // From DI container
    =>
{
    return new
    {
        Query = q,
        Page = page,
        ApiKey = apiKey,
        EmailServiceType = emailService.GetType().Name
    };
});

// Complex type from body
app.MapPost("/users",
    ([FromBody] CreateUserRequest request,
     [FromServices] IUserService userService,
     HttpContext context) =>
{
    var user = userService.CreateUser(request);
    return Results.Created($"/users/{user.Id}", user);
});

// Custom binding with AsParameters
app.MapGet("/products", ([AsParameters] ProductQuery query) =>
{
    // All parameters bundled in one object
    return new { query.Category, query.MinPrice, query.MaxPrice };
});

app.Run();

record CreateUserRequest(string Name, string Email);

// AsParameters allows grouping parameters
record ProductQuery(string? Category, decimal MinPrice = 0, decimal MaxPrice = 1000);

interface IEmailService { }
class EmailService : IEmailService { }
interface IUserService
{
    User CreateUser(CreateUserRequest request);
}
class User
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
}

Bindningskällor visualisering:

graph TD
    Request[HTTP Request] --> Route[Route Values<br/>users/123]
    Request --> Query[Query String<br/>?page=1&size=10]
    Request --> Headers[Headers<br/>X-API-Key: abc123]
    Request --> Body[Request Body<br/>JSON/XML]
    Request --> Services[DI Container<br/>Registered Services]

    Route --> Handler[Handler Method]
    Query --> Handler
    Headers --> Handler
    Body --> Handler
    Services --> Handler

    style Request stroke:#ef4444,stroke-width:3px
    style Handler stroke:#10b981,stroke-width:3px

Resultat och svar

Minimala API supporterar flera typer av respons

var app = WebApplication.CreateBuilder().Build();

// 1. Direct return - serialized as JSON
app.MapGet("/users/{id}", (int id) =>
    new User(id, "John Doe", "[email protected]"));

// 2. IResult - typed results
app.MapGet("/ok", () => Results.Ok(new { status = "OK" }));
app.MapGet("/created", () => Results.Created("/users/1", new User(1, "Jane", "[email protected]")));
app.MapGet("/notfound", () => Results.NotFound());
app.MapGet("/redirect", () => Results.Redirect("/new-location"));
app.MapGet("/file", () => Results.File("file.pdf", "application/pdf"));

// 3. Typed results with Results<T1, T2, ...>
app.MapGet("/typed/{id}", Results<Ok<User>, NotFound> (int id) =>
{
    var user = GetUser(id);
    return user != null
        ? TypedResults.Ok(user)
        : TypedResults.NotFound();
});

// 4. Custom response
app.MapGet("/custom", (HttpContext context) =>
{
    context.Response.StatusCode = 200;
    context.Response.Headers["X-Custom-Header"] = "Value";
    return context.Response.WriteAsync("Custom response");
});

// 5. Stream response
app.MapGet("/stream", async (HttpContext context) =>
{
    context.Response.ContentType = "text/plain";
    await context.Response.StartAsync();

    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        await context.Response.WriteAsync($"Line {i}\n");
        await context.Response.Body.FlushAsync();
        await Task.Delay(100);
    }
});

app.Run();

record User(int Id, string Name, string Email);

User? GetUser(int id) => id == 1 ? new User(1, "John", "[email protected]") : null;

Endpunkt-filter

Filter tillåter dig att utföra kod före och efter handledaren:

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();

// Global filter using middleware
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Before: {context.Request.Path}");
    await next(context);
    Console.WriteLine($"After: {context.Response.StatusCode}");
});

// Endpoint-specific filter
app.MapGet("/filtered", () => "Hello")
    .AddEndpointFilter(async (context, next) =>
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Before handler");

        var result = await next(context);

        Console.WriteLine("After handler");

        return result;
    });

// Filter with logic
app.MapGet("/validated", (int age) => $"Age: {age}")
    .AddEndpointFilter(async (context, next) =>
    {
        var age = context.GetArgument<int>(0);

        if (age < 0)
        {
            return Results.BadRequest("Age cannot be negative");
        }

        return await next(context);
    });

// Reusable filter
app.MapGet("/timed", () =>
{
    Thread.Sleep(100);
    return "Done";
})
.AddEndpointFilter<TimingFilter>();

app.Run();

// Reusable filter class
class TimingFilter : IEndpointFilter
{
    private readonly ILogger<TimingFilter> _logger;

    public TimingFilter(ILogger<TimingFilter> logger)
    {
        _logger = logger;
    }

    public async ValueTask<object?> InvokeAsync(
        EndpointFilterInvocationContext context,
        EndpointFilterDelegate next)
    {
        var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();

        var result = await next(context);

        sw.Stop();
        _logger.LogInformation(
            "Endpoint {Endpoint} took {Elapsed}ms",
            context.HttpContext.Request.Path,
            sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);

        return result;
    }
}

Filtreringssledning:

graph LR
    A[Request] --> B[Filter 1 Before]
    B --> C[Filter 2 Before]
    C --> D[Handler]
    D --> E[Filter 2 After]
    E --> F[Filter 1 After]
    F --> G[Response]

Razor-sidor : Page-baserad webbgränssnitt

Razor Pages erbjuder en sida- -med fokus- -som gör att webbgränssnittet är enklare än MVC- -för många scenarior.

Struktur

Pages/
  _ViewImports.cshtml
  _ViewStart.cshtml
  Index.cshtml
  Index.cshtml.cs
  Products/
    List.cshtml
    List.cshtml.cs
    Details.cshtml
    Details.cshtml.cs

Basic Razor Page

Pages/Index.cshtmlM SK2

@page
@model IndexModel

<h1>Welcome</h1>
<p>Current time: @Model.CurrentTime</p>

<form method="post">
    <input type="text" asp-for="Name" />
    <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

@if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Model.Message))
{
    <p>@Model.Message</p>
}

Pages/Index.cshtml .csM SK3

public class IndexModel : PageModel
{
    [BindProperty]
    public string Name { get; set; } = "";

    public string CurrentTime { get; set; } = "";
    public string Message { get; set; } = "";

    public void OnGet()
    {
        CurrentTime = DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss");
    }

    public IActionResult OnPost()
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Name))
        {
            Message = "Please enter a name";
            return Page();
        }

        Message = $"Hello, {Name}!";
        return Page();
    }
}

begäran om processströmning

sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant Routing
    participant PageModel as Page Model
    participant Binding as Model Binding
    participant Handler as Handler Method
    participant Filters as Page Filters
    participant View as Razor View

    Client->>Routing: GET /products/details?id=123
    Routing->>PageModel: Create PageModel instance
    PageModel->>Binding: Bind parameters

    Note over Binding: Bind from:<br/>- Route data<br/>- Query string<br/>- Form data<br/>- Services

    Binding->>Filters: Execute filters (OnPageHandlerExecuting)
    Filters->>Handler: Call OnGet/OnPost
    Handler->>Handler: Execute logic<br/>Load data
    Handler->>Filters: Return IActionResult
    Filters->>Filters: OnPageHandlerExecuted
    Filters->>View: Render Razor view
    View->>View: Execute Razor syntax<br/>Generate HTML
    View->>Client: HTML Response

Router-parameter

// Pages/Products/Details.cshtml.cs
@page "{id:int}"
@model DetailsModel

public class DetailsModel : PageModel
{
    private readonly IProductService _productService;

    public DetailsModel(IProductService productService)
    {
        _productService = productService;
    }

    public Product? Product { get; set; }

    public async Task<IActionResult> OnGetAsync(int id)
    {
        Product = await _productService.GetProductAsync(id);

        if (Product == null)
        {
            return NotFound();
        }

        return Page();
    }
}

URL: /products/details/123 → id = 123

Multiple Handlers

public class ContactModel : PageModel
{
    [BindProperty]
    public ContactForm Form { get; set; } = new();

    public string Message { get; set; } = "";

    // Default GET handler
    public void OnGet()
    {
    }

    // Default POST handler
    public IActionResult OnPost()
    {
        if (!ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            return Page();
        }

        // Send email
        Message = "Message sent!";
        return Page();
    }

    // Named handler: POST with ?handler=subscribe
    public IActionResult OnPostSubscribe(string email)
    {
        // Subscribe to newsletter
        Message = $"Subscribed: {email}";
        return Page();
    }

    // Named handler: POST with ?handler=unsubscribe
    public IActionResult OnPostUnsubscribe(string email)
    {
        // Unsubscribe
        Message = $"Unsubscribed: {email}";
        return Page();
    }
}

public class ContactForm
{
    [Required]
    public string Name { get; set; } = "";

    [Required, EmailAddress]
    public string Email { get; set; } = "";

    [Required]
    public string Message { get; set; } = "";
}

Användning i Razor:

@page
@model ContactModel

<!-- Default handler (OnPost) -->
<form method="post">
    <input asp-for="Form.Name" />
    <input asp-for="Form.Email" />
    <textarea asp-for="Form.Message"></textarea>
    <button type="submit">Send</button>
</form>

<!-- Named handler (OnPostSubscribe) -->
<form method="post" asp-page-handler="Subscribe">
    <input type="email" name="email" />
    <button type="submit">Subscribe</button>
</form>

<!-- Named handler (OnPostUnsubscribe) -->
<form method="post" asp-page-handler="Unsubscribe">
    <input type="email" name="email" />
    <button type="submit">Unsubscribe</button>
</form>

Bladsyfilter

// Global page filter
public class LoggingPageFilter : IPageFilter
{
    private readonly ILogger<LoggingPageFilter> _logger;

    public LoggingPageFilter(ILogger<LoggingPageFilter> logger)
    {
        _logger = logger;
    }

    public void OnPageHandlerSelected(PageHandlerSelectedContext context)
    {
        _logger.LogInformation(
            "Page handler selected: {HandlerMethod}",
            context.HandlerMethod?.Name);
    }

    public void OnPageHandlerExecuting(PageHandlerExecutingContext context)
    {
        _logger.LogInformation("Page handler executing");
    }

    public void OnPageHandlerExecuted(PageHandlerExecutedContext context)
    {
        _logger.LogInformation(
            "Page handler executed, result: {Result}",
            context.Result?.GetType().Name);
    }
}

// Register globally
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Services.AddRazorPages(options =>
{
    options.Conventions.ConfigureFilter(new LoggingPageFilter(
        LoggerFactory.Create(b => b.AddConsole()).CreateLogger<LoggingPageFilter>()
    ));
});

var app = builder.Build();

MVC: Den fulla frameworken

MVC (ModellM SK1Ansicht-Kontroller| )| ger ett strukturerat mönster för komplexa byggande tillämpningar med tydlig separation av intressen

Struktur

Controllers/
  HomeController.cs
  ProductsController.cs
  ApiController.cs
Models/
  Product.cs
  CreateProductViewModel.cs
Views/
  Home/
    Index.cshtml
    About.cshtml
  Products/
    List.cshtml
    Details.cshtml
  Shared/
    _Layout.cshtml
    _ValidationScriptsPartial.cshtml

MVC begäran processeringsflöde

sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant Routing
    participant Controller as Controller Factory
    participant Filters
    participant ModelBinding as Model Binding
    participant Action as Action Method
    participant Result as Action Result
    participant View

    Client->>Routing: GET /products/details/123
    Routing->>Controller: Create controller instance
    Controller->>Filters: Authorization filters

    alt Not authorized
        Filters-->>Client: 401/403
    end

    Filters->>Filters: Resource filters
    Filters->>ModelBinding: Bind parameters

    Note over ModelBinding: Bind from:<br/>- Route values<br/>- Query string<br/>- Form data<br/>- Body<br/>- Services

    ModelBinding->>Filters: Action filters (OnActionExecuting)
    Filters->>Action: Invoke action method
    Action->>Action: Execute business logic
    Action->>Result: Return IActionResult
    Result->>Filters: Action filters (OnActionExecuted)
    Filters->>Filters: Result filters (OnResultExecuting)
    Filters->>View: Execute result (render view)
    View->>Filters: Result filters (OnResultExecuted)
    Filters->>Filters: Resource filters (OnResourceExecuted)
    Filters->>Client: HTML/JSON Response

Grundregler

public class ProductsController : Controller
{
    private readonly IProductService _productService;
    private readonly ILogger<ProductsController> _logger;

    public ProductsController(
        IProductService productService,
        ILogger<ProductsController> logger)
    {
        _productService = productService;
        _logger = logger;
    }

    // GET: /products
    public async Task<IActionResult> Index()
    {
        var products = await _productService.GetAllProductsAsync();
        return View(products);
    }

    // GET: /products/details/5
    public async Task<IActionResult> Details(int id)
    {
        var product = await _productService.GetProductAsync(id);

        if (product == null)
        {
            return NotFound();
        }

        return View(product);
    }

    // GET: /products/create
    public IActionResult Create()
    {
        return View();
    }

    // POST: /products/create
    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public async Task<IActionResult> Create(CreateProductViewModel model)
    {
        if (!ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            return View(model);
        }

        var product = await _productService.CreateProductAsync(model);

        return RedirectToAction(nameof(Details), new { id = product.Id });
    }

    // DELETE: /products/delete/5
    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public async Task<IActionResult> Delete(int id)
    {
        await _productService.DeleteProductAsync(id);

        return RedirectToAction(nameof(Index));
    }
}

Resultat från handlingen

public class ResultsController : Controller
{
    // View result
    public IActionResult Index()
    {
        return View(); // Views/Results/Index.cshtml
    }

    // View with model
    public IActionResult Details(int id)
    {
        var model = new Product { Id = id, Name = "Product" };
        return View(model);
    }

    // Specific view
    public IActionResult Custom()
    {
        return View("CustomViewName");
    }

    // JSON result
    public IActionResult GetJson()
    {
        return Json(new { id = 1, name = "Product" });
    }

    // Redirect
    public IActionResult RedirectSample()
    {
        return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
    }

    // Redirect to route
    public IActionResult RedirectToRouteSample()
    {
        return RedirectToRoute("Default", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });
    }

    // Content result
    public IActionResult GetText()
    {
        return Content("Plain text response", "text/plain");
    }

    // File result
    public IActionResult DownloadFile()
    {
        var bytes = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes("file.pdf");
        return File(bytes, "application/pdf", "download.pdf");
    }

    // Status code result
    public IActionResult StatusCodeSample()
    {
        return StatusCode(503); // Service Unavailable
    }

    // Not found
    public IActionResult NotFoundSample()
    {
        return NotFound(); // 404
    }

    // Bad request
    public IActionResult BadRequestSample()
    {
        return BadRequest("Invalid input"); // 400
    }

    // Unauthorized
    public IActionResult UnauthorizedSample()
    {
        return Unauthorized(); // 401
    }
}

Modellbinding

public class BindingController : Controller
{
    // Simple parameter from route
    // Route: products/{id}
    public IActionResult Get(int id)
    {
        return Ok(new { id });
    }

    // Multiple parameters from route and query
    // Route: products/{id}?includeDetails=true
    public IActionResult GetWithDetails(int id, bool includeDetails = false)
    {
        return Ok(new { id, includeDetails });
    }

    // Complex type from form
    [HttpPost]
    public IActionResult CreateFromForm([FromForm] Product product)
    {
        return Ok(product);
    }

    // Complex type from body (JSON)
    [HttpPost]
    public IActionResult CreateFromBody([FromBody] Product product)
    {
        return Ok(product);
    }

    // From header
    public IActionResult HeaderSample([FromHeader(Name = "X-API-Key")] string apiKey)
    {
        return Ok(new { apiKey });
    }

    // From services
    public IActionResult ServiceSample([FromServices] IProductService productService)
    {
        var count = productService.GetCount();
        return Ok(new { count });
    }

    // Custom binding
    public IActionResult CustomBinding([ModelBinder(typeof(CustomBinder))] CustomModel model)
    {
        return Ok(model);
    }
}

// Custom model binder
public class CustomBinder : IModelBinder
{
    public Task BindModelAsync(ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
    {
        var value = bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue("custom").FirstValue;

        var model = new CustomModel { Value = value?.ToUpper() ?? "" };

        bindingContext.Result = ModelBindingResult.Success(model);

        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

public class CustomModel
{
    public string Value { get; set; } = "";
}

Filter för handling

Filter löser koden vid olika tillfällen i applikationskedjan

graph TD
    A[Request] --> B[Authorization Filters]
    B --> C{Authorized?}
    C -->|No| D[Challenge Result]
    C -->|Yes| E[Resource Filters<br/>OnResourceExecuting]
    E --> F[Model Binding]
    F --> G[Action Filters<br/>OnActionExecuting]
    G --> H[Action Method]
    H --> I[Action Filters<br/>OnActionExecuted]
    I --> J[Exception Filters<br/>if exception]
    J --> K[Result Filters<br/>OnResultExecuting]
    K --> L[Action Result]
    L --> M[Result Filters<br/>OnResultExecuted]
    M --> N[Resource Filters<br/>OnResourceExecuted]
    N --> O[Response]
    D --> O

    style H stroke:#ef4444,stroke-width:3px
    style L stroke:#10b981,stroke-width:3px

Filtertyper:

// 1. Authorization filter
public class CustomAuthorizeFilter : IAuthorizationFilter
{
    public void OnAuthorization(AuthorizationFilterContext context)
    {
        if (!context.HttpContext.User.Identity?.IsAuthenticated ?? true)
        {
            context.Result = new UnauthorizedResult();
        }
    }
}

// 2. Resource filter
public class CacheResourceFilter : IResourceFilter
{
    private static readonly Dictionary<string, object> _cache = new();

    public void OnResourceExecuting(ResourceExecutingContext context)
    {
        var cacheKey = context.HttpContext.Request.Path;

        if (_cache.TryGetValue(cacheKey, out var cachedResult))
        {
            context.Result = (IActionResult)cachedResult;
            // Short-circuit the pipeline
        }
    }

    public void OnResourceExecuted(ResourceExecutedContext context)
    {
        var cacheKey = context.HttpContext.Request.Path;

        if (context.Result != null)
        {
            _cache[cacheKey] = context.Result;
        }
    }
}

// 3. Action filter
public class LogActionFilter : IActionFilter
{
    private readonly ILogger<LogActionFilter> _logger;

    public LogActionFilter(ILogger<LogActionFilter> logger)
    {
        _logger = logger;
    }

    public void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext context)
    {
        _logger.LogInformation(
            "Executing action {Action} with arguments: {Arguments}",
            context.ActionDescriptor.DisplayName,
            string.Join(", ", context.ActionArguments.Select(kvp => $"{kvp.Key}={kvp.Value}")));
    }

    public void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext context)
    {
        _logger.LogInformation(
            "Executed action {Action}, result: {Result}",
            context.ActionDescriptor.DisplayName,
            context.Result?.GetType().Name);
    }
}

// 4. Exception filter
public class CustomExceptionFilter : IExceptionFilter
{
    public void OnException(ExceptionContext context)
    {
        if (context.Exception is ArgumentException)
        {
            context.Result = new BadRequestObjectResult(new
            {
                error = context.Exception.Message
            });

            context.ExceptionHandled = true;
        }
    }
}

// 5. Result filter
public class HeaderResultFilter : IResultFilter
{
    public void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext context)
    {
        context.HttpContext.Response.Headers["X-Custom-Header"] = "Value";
    }

    public void OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext context)
    {
        // After result execution
    }
}

// Register filters
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Services.AddControllersWithViews(options =>
{
    // Global filters
    options.Filters.Add<LogActionFilter>();
    options.Filters.Add<CustomExceptionFilter>();
});

// Or apply to specific controllers/actions
[ServiceFilter(typeof(LogActionFilter))]
public class ProductsController : Controller
{
    [TypeFilter(typeof(CacheResourceFilter))]
    public IActionResult Index()
    {
        return View();
    }
}

API-kontrollörer

[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class ProductsApiController : ControllerBase
{
    private readonly IProductService _productService;

    public ProductsApiController(IProductService productService)
    {
        _productService = productService;
    }

    // GET: api/products
    [HttpGet]
    [ProducesResponseType(typeof(IEnumerable<Product>), 200)]
    public async Task<ActionResult<IEnumerable<Product>>> GetProducts()
    {
        var products = await _productService.GetAllProductsAsync();
        return Ok(products);
    }

    // GET: api/products/5
    [HttpGet("{id}")]
    [ProducesResponseType(typeof(Product), 200)]
    [ProducesResponseType(404)]
    public async Task<ActionResult<Product>> GetProduct(int id)
    {
        var product = await _productService.GetProductAsync(id);

        if (product == null)
        {
            return NotFound();
        }

        return Ok(product);
    }

    // POST: api/products
    [HttpPost]
    [ProducesResponseType(typeof(Product), 201)]
    [ProducesResponseType(400)]
    public async Task<ActionResult<Product>> CreateProduct(CreateProductDto dto)
    {
        if (!ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            return BadRequest(ModelState);
        }

        var product = await _productService.CreateProductAsync(dto);

        return CreatedAtAction(nameof(GetProduct), new { id = product.Id }, product);
    }

    // PUT: api/products/5
    [HttpPut("{id}")]
    [ProducesResponseType(204)]
    [ProducesResponseType(400)]
    [ProducesResponseType(404)]
    public async Task<IActionResult> UpdateProduct(int id, UpdateProductDto dto)
    {
        if (id != dto.Id)
        {
            return BadRequest();
        }

        var exists = await _productService.ExistsAsync(id);
        if (!exists)
        {
            return NotFound();
        }

        await _productService.UpdateProductAsync(dto);

        return NoContent();
    }

    // DELETE: api/products/5
    [HttpDelete("{id}")]
    [ProducesResponseType(204)]
    [ProducesResponseType(404)]
    public async Task<IActionResult> DeleteProduct(int id)
    {
        var exists = await _productService.ExistsAsync(id);
        if (!exists)
        {
            return NotFound();
        }

        await _productService.DeleteProductAsync(id);

        return NoContent();
    }
}

Vergleich av de tre modellerna

graph TB
    subgraph "Minimal APIs"
        MA1[Direct Route Registration]
        MA2[Lambda Handlers]
        MA3[Endpoint Filters]
        MA4[Simple Binding]

        MA1 --> MA2
        MA2 --> MA3
        MA3 --> MA4
    end

    subgraph "Razor Pages"
        RP1[Page-Based Routing]
        RP2[PageModel Handlers]
        RP3[Page Filters]
        RP4[Razor View Engine]

        RP1 --> RP2
        RP2 --> RP3
        RP3 --> RP4
    end

    subgraph "MVC"
        MVC1[Controller-Based Routing]
        MVC2[Action Methods]
        MVC3[Multiple Filter Types]
        MVC4[View/JSON Results]

        MVC1 --> MVC2
        MVC2 --> MVC3
        MVC3 --> MVC4
    end

    style MA1 stroke:#10b981,stroke-width:3px
    style RP1 stroke:#ef4444,stroke-width:3px
    style MVC1 stroke:#6366f1,stroke-width:3px

Funktion	Minimala APIs			Razor Pages ♫	♫
Kompleksitet	låga	mellan	höga ≥
Kolplatta	Minimalt	Mäktigt
Den bästa för	APIsM SK1 mikrotjänster	Page- fokuserade webbapplikationer
Röttering	Inline	Begreppet		+	egenskaper	МSK3	Begreppt
Separation av oro	låga	mellan	höga ≥
Testbarhet	Bra	Bra
Förmågor	snabbaste	snabbast			snabbast
Lärningskurva	Det enklaste	Det lätta

Ta med era nyckeln

• Minimala APIs att erbjuda en lightweight, low - ceremonisk sätt att bygga HTTP APIs
• Razor-sidor förenkla sidan-fokuserad webbutveckling med en sida-centrisk modell
• MVC erbjuder en komplett ” - ” -featured ram med tydlig separation av intressen
• Alla tre modeller använder samma underliggande rutnät och slutpunktinfrastruktur
• Parameterbindning fungerar likadant i alla modeller
• Filtrer förmedlar cross-skjutningsproblem vid olika ledningsstader
• Välj modellen baserat på din applikationskomplexitet och krav
• Du kan blanda modeller i samma applikation

Varje programmerande modell ger en annan utvecklare upplevelse medan man utnyttjar samma kraftfulla ASP.NET Core pipeline. Att förstå alla tre hjälper dig att välja det rätta verktyget för varje scenario

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